Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/mac/TEXT/SPACEDIG/V11_3/V11_378.TXT

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Subject: SPACE Digest V11 #378

SPACE Digest                                     Volume 11 : Issue 378

Today's Topics:
             Re: Manned mission to Venus
            SPACE Digest V11 #344
             Re: Manned mission to Venus
               * FULL SAREX DETAILS!! *
               Manned mission to Venus
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: 8 May 90 23:42:35 GMT
From: news-server.csri.toronto.edu!utgpu!watserv1!maytag!watdragon!watyew![e-mail]  (Brian or James)
Subject: Re: Manned mission to Venus


 A point that Mr McCormick may have not considered is that,
while a second 'earth' [and I suspect that Venus at its best
will still be a poor Earth] might not fill a 'need' for any
culture able to terraform it, it might fill a desire. High
tech wealthy civilisations might see terraforming Venus as a
desirable luxury [not lots sillier than having several hundred
shoes, or a $10,000 dog house].
 I could also imagine a noisy group of social misfits being
handed a new 'eden' to fill a demand for a 'natural' style homeland.
The bottom of a gravity well in 720 K, 90 bar CO2 and corrosive
chemical soup might strike a gov't as a fine place for refusniks
to go [perhaps with life support :) ].
                            JDN

------------------------------

Date:        Mon, 07 May 90 07:58:00 CDT
From: Andy Edeburn <[e-mail]>
To: <[e-mail]>
Subject: SPACE Digest V11 #344

> The West German Space Agency plans to establish a commercial organization
> to operate and market its payloads on the Columbus space station.
                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        Um, excuse me. What the h*ll this is?

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------------------------------

Date: 8 May 90 05:15:43 GMT
From: uoft02.utoledo.edu![e-mail]
Subject: Re: Manned mission to Venus

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] writes:
> In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Daniel Ake CAROSONE) writes:
>> In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Mark SOKOLOWSKI) writes:
>>> I would like to start a new discussion about a manned mission to Venus.
>>
> It may be several centuries too early to talk about a manned landing mission to
> Venus, but a manned flyby mission would make sense.  With additional heat
> shields for traveling closer towards the sun, whatever spacecraft we finally
> decide to build to take a crew from Earth orbit to Mars orbit could just as
> easily be launched towards Venus, perhaps before the Mars mission.  (For a
> flyby no landing craft are needed.  They are needed to land on Mars, but are
> likely to be the most difficult piece of mission hardware to design and more
> likely to fall behind schedule.  A Venus flyby could use hardware that is
> ready, but otherwise would have no mission until the bugs in the landing craft
> for Mars are worked out.)  Swinging around Venus the crew could deploy an
> advanced radar mapper then head on to Mercury using gravity assist.  (Similar
> mission profile to that flown by Mariner 10.)  Looping around Mercury the
> Astronomy Research & Interplanetary Exploration Ship (ARIES) would approach the
> planet at such an angle as to be boosted outward bound for Earth. (Maybe by way
> of Venus again.)  Of course specific details would depend on when the mission
> first left Earth orbit and the alignment of the planets at that time.  I see no
> technological reason, though, why such a mission could not be mapped out and
> executed just after the turn of the century.

I see no logical reason why such a mission should be manned!  That would
increase the cost considerably.  Magellan will arive at Venus in 3 months
and do the above mentioned mapping.  Manned mission can be more useful
on other projects.  For example, the scientific benefits from a manned
lunar base would be well worth the costs.


Bob Dempsey
Ritter Observatory

------------------------------

Date: 6 May 90 17:20:16 GMT
From: usc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!crdgw1!ge-dab!tarpit!peora!tsdiag!ka2qhd![e-mail]  (John Magliacane)
Subject: * FULL SAREX DETAILS!! *



* STS-35 NEWS *
===============
        Highlighting mission STS-35, the 36th flight of the
Space Shuttle and 10th mission of orbiter Columbia, will
be around-the-clock observations by the seven-member crew
using the ultraviolet astronomy observatory (Astro) and
the Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT).  Both instruments
are located in Columbia's payload bay and will be
operated during 12-hour shifts by the crew.


        Liftoff of the 10th flight of Columbia is scheduled
for 12:45 a.m. EDT on May 17 from launch pad 39-A at the
Kennedy Space Center, Fla.  Columbia will be placed into
a 218 statute (190 nautical) mile circular orbit,
inclined 28.5 degrees to the equator.  Nominal mission
duration is expected to be 8 days 19 hours 55 minutes.
Deorbit is planned on orbit 139, with landing scheduled
for 8:40 p.m. EDT on May 25 at Edwards Air Force Base,
Calif.


        Columbia's middeck will carry the Shuttle Amateur
Radio Experiment (SAREX) to communicate with amateur
radio stations within line-of-sight of the orbiter in
voice mode or data mode.  This experiment has previously
flown on STS-9 and STS-51F.  Also on this mission,
Columbia will function as the subject for ground sensor
operations as part of the Air Force Maui Optical Site
(AMOS) calibration test.


        Commander of the seven-member crew is Vance Brand.
Pilot is Guy Gardner.  STS-35 is Brand's fourth trip to
space.  He previously flew on the Apollo-Soyuz Test
Project mission in 1975.  He also commanded Shuttle
missions STS-5 in November 1982 and STS-41B in February
1984.  Gardner previously piloted STS-27 in December
1988.

        Mission Specialists are Mike Lounge, Jeffrey Hoffman
and Robert Parker.  Lounge previously flew on STS-51I in
August 1985 and STS-26 in September 1988.  Hoffman flew
as a Mission Specialist on STS-51D in April 1985.
Parker's previous spaceflight experience was STS-9 in
November 1983.

        Payload Specialists Ronald Parise and Samuel Durrance
round out the STS-35 crew.  Both are making their first
space flights.


* STS-35 QUICK LOOK *
=====================
Launch Date:        May 17, 1990
Launch Window:      12:45 a.m. - 3:09 a.m. EDT
Launch Site:        Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
                    Launch Complex 39-A
Orbiter:            Columbia (OV-102)
Altitude:           218 statute miles (190 nm)
Inclination:        28.45
Duration:           8 days, 19 hours, 55 minutes
Landing Date/Time:  May 25, 1990, 8:40 p.m. EDT


Primary Landing Site:
 Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.

Abort Landing Sites:
 Return to Launch Site -- Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
 Trans-Atlantic Abort   -- Banjul, The Gambia
 Abort Once Around     -- Edwards AFB, Calif.

Crew:
 Vance D. Brand          -- Commander               Red/Blue Team
 Guy S. Gardner          --  Pilot                  --  Red  Team
 Jeffrey A. Hoffman      -- Mission Specialist 1/EV --  Blue Team
 John M. "Mike" Lounge -- Mission Specialist 2/EV2  --  Blue Team
 Robert A.R. Parker    -- Mission Specialist 3      --  Red  Team
 Samuel T. Durrance    -- Payload Specialist 1      --  Blue Team
 Ronald A. Parise      -- Payload Specialist 2      --  Red  Team

Red Team shift is approximately 10:30 p.m. -- 10:30 a.m. EDT
Blue Team shift is approximately 10:30 a.m. -- 10:30 p.m. EDT

Cargo Bay Payloads:
 Ultraviolet Astronomy Telescope (Astro)
 Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT)

Middeck Payloads:
 Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS)
 Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX)


SHUTTLE AMATEUR RADIO EXPERIMENT (SAREX)

        Conducting shortwave radio transmissions between
ground-based amateur radio operators and a Shuttle-based
amateur radio operator is the basis for the Shuttle
Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX).

        SAREX communicates with amateur stations in line-of-
sight of the orbiter in one of four transmission modes:
voice, slow scan television (SSTV), data or (uplink only)
fast scan television (FSTV).

        The voice mode is operated in the attended mode while
SSTV, data or FSTV can be operated in either attended or
unattended modes.

        During the mission, SAREX will be operated by Payload
Specialist Ron Parise, a licensed operator (WA4SIR),
during periods when he is not scheduled for orbiter or
other payload activities.  At least four transmissions
will be made to test each transmission mode.

        Ronald A. Parise, 38, also will serve as a Payload
Specialist.  Parise is a senior scientist in the Space
Observatories Department, Computer Science Corporation in
Silver Spring, Md.  He is a member of the research team
for the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, one of the
instruments scheduled for flight as part of the Astro
payload.  He is from Warren, Ohio.

        Parise has participated in flight hardware
development, electronic system design and mission
planning activities for the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
project.  He is pursuing his astronomical research
interests with the International Ultraviolet Explorer
satellite under a NASA grant.

        He received a bachelor of science degree in physics,
with minors in mathematics, astronomy and geology from
Youngstown State University, Ohio, and a master of
science degree and a doctor of philosophy degree in
astronomy from the University of Florida.

        The primary pair of frequencies intended for use
during the mission is 145.55 MHz as the downlink from
Columbia, with 144.95 MHz as the uplink.  A spacing of
600 KHz was deliberately chosen for this primary pair to
accommodate those whose split frequency capability is
limited to the customary repeater offset.

        SAREX crew-tended operating times will be dictated by
the time of launch.  As a secondary payload, SAREX will
be operated by Parise during his pre- and post-sleep
activities each day.     This means that wherever the
Shuttle is above Earth during those operating windows,
amateur stations can communicate with Columbia.
Currently, those windows provide coverage for Australia,
Japan, South America and South Africa.

        The continental United States has little or no
coverage except through a network of ground stations in
other parts of the world in conjunction with relay links
back to the United States.

        Another part of the SAREX is the "robot," providing an
automated operation which can proceed with little human
intervention.  The robot will generally be activated
during one of the crew-tended windows and deactivated
during the next one.  This gives approximately 12 hours
on and 12 hours off for the robot, with the operational
period chosen to cover all of the U.S. passes.

        SAREX has previously flown on missions STS-9 and STS-
51F in different configurations, including the following
hardware: a low-power hand-held FM transceiver, a spare
battery set, an interface (I/F) module, a headset
assembly, an equipment assembly cabinet, a television
camera and monitor, a payload general support computer
(PGSC) and an antenna which will be mounted in a forward
flight window with a fast scan television (FSTV) module
added to the assembly.

        Antenna location does not affect communications and
therefore does not require a specific orbiter attitude
for operations.  The equipment is stowed in one middeck
locker.

        SAREX is a joint effort of NASA and the American Radio
Relay League (ARRL)/Amateur Radio Satellite Corporation
(AMSAT).

              STS-35 COLUMBIA SAREX FREQUENCIES

        Shuttle Transmit            Accompanying Shuttle
            Frequency               Receive Frequencies

Group 1       145.55  MHz                144.95  MHz
              145.55                     144.91
              145.55                     144.97

Group 2       145.51                     144.91
              145.51                     144.93
              145.51                     144.99

Group 3       145.59                     144.99
              145.59                     144.95

Group 4       145.55                     144.95
              145.55                     144.70
              145.55                     144.75
              145.55                     144.80
              145.55                     144.85

Note:  The 145.55/144.95 combination is in both Groups 1
and 4
       because alternate uplink frequencies from Group 1
would be
       used over North and South America while those from
Group 4
       would be used generally in other parts of the
world.

--
AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z (Neptune, NJ)
UUCP : ucbvax!rutgers!petsd!tsdiag!ka2qhd!kd2bd
       "For every problem, there is one solution which is simple,
       neat and wrong." -- H.L. Mencken

------------------------------

Date: 8 May 90 14:08:39 GMT
From: mcsun!unido!rwthinf![e-mail]  (Dieter Kreuer)
Subject: Manned mission to Venus


CI remember an article where some scenarios for manned Mars missions were
presented. One suggestion was to fly by Venus first and/or (?) this way either
reduce the one way trip time to Mars or get an earlier return window to earth.
That means if you add an additional planet to your trip, you save time, pro-
pellant, and money.
How about that?

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------------------------------

End of SPACE Digest V11 #378
*******************